Buy it Now For $69.00In a cell, ribosomes are located in two regions of the cytoplasm. Some ribosomes are found scattered in the cytoplasm (referred to as free ribosomes), while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (bound ribosomes). Accordingly, endoplasmic reticulum which membranes are bound with ribosomes are called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Both the free ribosomes and bound ribosomes have similar structure and are responsible for production of proteins.
Speaking about the main functions of ribosomes, they play the role of assembling amino acids to form specific proteins, which in turn are essential for carrying out the cell's activities. As we all have a fair idea regarding production of proteins, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) first produces RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) by the process of DNA transcription, after which genetic message from the mRNA is translated into proteins during DNA translation.
To be more precise about protein synthesis by ribosomes, the sequence for assembling amino acids for protein synthesis are specified in the mRNA. The mRNA synthesized in the nucleus is then transported to the cytoplasm for further continuation of protein synthesis. In the cytoplasm, the two subunits of ribosomes bind around the mRNA polymers and synthesize proteins with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA), as per the genetic code. This whole process of protein synthesis is also referred to as central dogma.
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